Too Quiet? The Safety Risks of Silent EVs

Electric vehicles (EVs) are revolutionizing the automotive industry with their zero emissions, smooth acceleration, and low operating costs. However, one of their most notable features—near-silent operation—has raised safety concerns, particularly for pedestrians, cyclists, and visually impaired individuals who rely on sound to detect approaching vehicles.

The Problem: Silent but Deadly?

Unlike traditional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, which produce noise from engines, exhausts, and mechanical components, EVs are almost noiseless at low speeds. Studies have shown that pedestrians are up to 40% more likely to be hit by an EV than by a conventional car in urban environments where background noise masks their approach.

Recognizing this risk, regulators worldwide have mandated that EVs emit artificial sounds at low speeds. The U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) requires all new EVs and hybrids to produce audible warnings at speeds below 18.6 mph (30 km/h). The European Union has similar rules under its UN Regulation No. 138.

What Should EVs Sound Like?

Automakers and sound designers face a unique challenge: creating an audible warning that is effective without being annoying. Some approaches include:

1. Futuristic Tones

Brands like BMW and Mercedes-Benz have developed synthetic sounds that evoke a sci-fi vibe—smooth, electronic hums that signal innovation while ensuring pedestrian safety.

2. Engine-like Sounds

Some EVs simulate traditional engine noises for familiarity. For example, the Ford Mustang Mach-E offers an optional "engine roar" mode for enthusiasts.

3. Customizable Sounds

Tesla and other manufacturers have experimented with letting drivers choose their vehicle’s sound profile, from spaceship-like whirs to musical tones.

4. Directional and Adaptive Noise

Advanced systems could adjust sound based on surroundings—louder in crowded areas, softer in quiet neighborhoods—or even project warnings directionally toward pedestrians.

The Future of EV Sound

As EVs dominate roads, their acoustic signatures will evolve. Some advocate for standardized sounds to avoid confusion, while others push for brand-distinctive audio identities. Regardless, the goal remains clear: keeping pedestrians safe without sacrificing the benefits of electric mobility.

In the end, the sound of an EV isn’t just about compliance—it’s about shaping the auditory landscape of future transportation.